The objectives of the section include identifying the positive/negative impacts of climate change on agricultural production, increasing the capacity for adaptation to climate change in agriculture, measuring, monitoring, and developing recommendations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural activities, identifying, monitoring, and mapping agricultural drought, developing water harvesting techniques to conserve moisture in soil in drought-prone and semi-arid areas, identifying and minimizing land degradation and erosion in agricultural areas, and proposing the most suitable measures to minimize or balance degradation, as well as developing climate-friendly and nature-adapted sustainable agricultural techniques for different ecological regions.

The department conducts R&D activities on the following objectives: determining the impacts of climate change on agriculture through models, climate projections, and scenarios; identifying vulnerabilities and sensitivities in production; developing adaptation and mitigation measures to enhance resilience to climate change; measuring and monitoring greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural activities; calculating emission factors for national greenhouse gas inventories; developing strategies for low-carbon agriculture to reduce/eliminate greenhouse gas emissions; identifying agricultural drought through indices, models, and measurements; mapping high-risk areas and monitoring them with smart technologies; researching and developing water harvesting techniques for soil moisture conservation in dry and semi-arid areas; identifying and developing measures to prevent erosion and land degradation caused by climate change and improper land use in agricultural lands and pastures; and determining and developing smart agricultural techniques for climate-friendly and environmentally sustainable production in different ecological regions. ​