PLANT TISSUE CULTURE

It is the process of culturing a whole plant or plant parts such as cells, tissues, and organs in sterile conditions and artificial nutrient media in order to obtain new tissue, plant products.

Purposes;

* Breeding studies

* Clonal rapid reproduction of plants

* Reproduction of plants that cannot be easily reproduced by traditional methods

* Obtaining plants free from disease factors

* Creation of somaclonal variations

* Obtaining haploid plants

* Conservation of plant gene resources

* Biochemical products ( secondary obtaining metabolites

BENEFITS OF MICROPROPRIATION

1. Clonal replication

     It is the way to maintain heterozygosity.

2. The replication step is repeated many times, allowing unlimited clone production.

It routinely used for commercial propagation of many ornamental plants and some vegetatively propagated species.

3. Easy regulation of production cycle

It eliminates the dependence on the season and land conditions.

4. Disease-free plant production

Embryo Culture

It is an in vitro technique in which embryos from the seed or germ part of a plant are isolated under aseptic conditions and cultured in an artificial nutrient medium.

Haploid Plant Production

By using gametes with half the species' normal chromosome number (n), this is the process of obtaining plants with that species' gamete chromosome number.

Meristem Culture

It is an in vitro technique in which meristematic tips are cultured under sterile conditions on artificial nutrient media and transformed into plants to yield virus-free plant material.

Anther (Pollen) Culture

Anthers isolated from a plant into a suitable nutrient medium. It is used to obtain haploid plants.

Callus Culture

It is the formation of callus tissue under aseptic conditions in an appropriate food environment from parts collected from plants.

Protoplast Fusion

It is a technique that isolates protoplasts from cells, re-forms the cell wall into viable protoplasts, propagates the cells by mitosis, and ensures plant regeneration under sterile conditions.

Somaclonal Variation

It is the changes that occur in the gene, chromosome number and chromosome structures that occur in somatic cells taken into tissue culture medium. Good properties can be gained by increasing the variation.

Cell culture

It is the process of growing cells under controlled conditions.