Determination of Amounts Applications Nitrojen and Phosphorus
in LANCER Variety Winter Bread Wheat in Erzurum Arid Conditions
Ali Safi KIRAL1Hasan
ÖZCAN1
İn this
study was aimed to determine doses of phosphorus and nitrojen which requires
for plants through 1986-1988s in an effort to gain optimum yield in wheat; had been applicated doses of P2O5
0, 3, 6, 9 kg and 0 ,5, 10, 15, 20
kg nitrojen. İn the experiment, LANCER wheat variety had been used that
experiment had been conducted as 3 replications in accordance with randomized
bloks experimental design. İn consequence of study had been found out to use
that is necessary 6 kg/da N and 6 kg/da P2O5 to gain optimum yield.
The Effects of Grain Yield Of Wheat Varieties of Different Sowing Times Erzurum
in Arid Conditions
Hasan
ÖZCAN1 Aysun ACAR1
Sowing time is one of the most important factors affecting the yield of
wheat. This research was carried out as
a split-plot desing based on 3 replications between 1990-1991s. LANCER wheat
varieties were used in the experiment. İn this study were investigated effects of different sowing
times on wheat yield. İn the trial was investigated effects on the yield of
wheat ( August 15- September 1, September 1 to 15, and 15 September – 1 October
) in three different planting times. As a result of research was determined the maximum efficiency can be obtained by
making the cultivation between September 1 to 15. Also the sowing time delay has been found to
occur significant decreases in yield.
Determination of The Most Appropriate Tillage Time
in Fallow- Wheat System East Anatolia Region
Hakan Mete DOĞAN1Murat
OLGUN1Telat YILDIRIM1
This
research was conducted at three locations in East Anatolia Region ( Erzurum
Central, Aşkale and Ilıca ) in the fallow-wheat system four different tillage
time and tested the combination of two different instruments. The trial was
carried out as a split-plot desing based on three replications between
1989-1990s. İn the experiment, the fall ( October- November), early spring (
April 15- May 15 ), late spring ( May 15- June 15 ) and summer ( after June 15
), including four different tillage cultivation of time; crowbar + harrow and
disk harrow + packer or the combination of two instruments and also were used
Lancer wheat variety. The effect of tillage times on grain yield when was
highly significant (P<0.01), the effect on grain yield the combination of
tools was found insignificant. And also between interaction tillage times and
the combination of tools was found insignificant. According to the experiment
results; soil should be cultivated in early spring ( April 15- May 15 ).
Determination of İrrigation time, Fertilizer
Application and Doses of Nitrogenous Fertilizer in Karasu-90 Wheat Varieties
Telat YILDIRIM1Murat
OLGUN1 Hasan ÖZCAN1
Fertilization
and irrigation are the most important inputs to obtain in terms of optimum
yield on wheat. İn a study conducted for this purpose in wheat in irrigated
conditions at which time irrigation should be done; also was conducted the
experiment to determine the amount of nitrojen in need of wheat in irrigated
conditions separately from arid conditions. The experiment was conducted as
randomized blocks experimental desing based on three replication between
1992-1994s and Karasu-90 bread wheat varieties were used in the experiment that
was developed for irrigated conditions. İn the experiment three irrigation time
( with sowing, bolting and flowering ), two irrigation time ( with sowing,
bolting, flowering ) an one irrigation time ( with sowing, bolting, flowering
); 0 -5- 10- 15- 20 kg N/da fertilizer doses were tested. According to the
results in order to optimum efficiency for per decare 10 kgs half of nitrojen
with sowing, the other half was determined that must be taken during bolting.
On the other hand or difficulties in the supply of irrigation water with
sowing, during the flowering and be milking period should be done three
irrigation; if irrigation water is scarce a time period after flowering period
it’s known milking period was determined
that should be given at the begining.
Determination of
Resistance to Cold in Some Barley and Wheat Genotypes Grown in East
Anatolia Region
Telat YILDIRIM
Şahin AKTEN
İn this study was
carried out to determine the degrees of cold resistance some bread wheat and
barley genotypes suitable for East Anatolia Region. Research was conducted in
factorial arrangement ‘’ randomized blocks’’ according to experimental design;
in East Anatolia Agricultural Research İnstitute laboratory, and Atatürk
University of Agricultural Faculty ( Department of Crop Plants, Horticulture
and Soil Sience ). İn the experiment were used from bread wheat varieties 88,
Karasu 90, Hawk, Palandöken 97, Lancer, Kıraç 66, Gerek 79, Bezostaja 1,
Norstar and landrace Kırik and Tir varieties with advanced stage four bread
wheat lines; and as barley varieties are Tokak 157/37, Bülbül 89, Dicktoo,
Krusevac 1 and Hudson with advanced stage four barley lines. Hoagland solution
was used fort he growing of plants. Plants were kept 0 ( control ), 7, 21, 35,
49, 70 and 98 days, in temperature 4±0.2 °C to adjust to cold. Determination of resistance to
cold the method modified was used
that was applied by Fowler ve ark. (1995).
Generally,
were determined in low temperatures genotypes of bread wheat to be more resistant
than genotypes of barley. Norstar of bread wheats was the most durable variety
in the low temperature (-13 °C), Kıraç-66 and Kırik varieties were the most sensitive
( respectively -5.4 ve -4.9 °C ). İn genotypes of barley Dicktoo (-4.9 °C),
Krusewak 1 and 12/127 (-4.7 °C) were the most resistant in the low
temperatures, Bülbül 89 (-3.9 °C) was determined to be the most susceptible
varieties. İn the research genotypes of red grain bread wheat (Doğu 88, Hawk,
Lancer, Karasu 90, Bezostaja 1, Norstar and DE-6) has been more to cold
resistance than white grain genotypes (Palandöken 97, Kırik, Tir, DE-7, DE-8,
DE-9, Gerek 79 and Kıraç 66). Bread wheat genotypes reached 49 days in cold
acclimation period with the highest ability to withstand the cold (average
-10.8 °C), this period was 35 days in barley (average -5.7 °C).
Determination of The Most
Appropriate Tillage Systems İn East Anatolia Dry Conditions
M.OLGUN1,
T.YILDIRIM1, Ü.KÜÇÜKÖZDEMİR1, F.PARTİGÖÇ1
Different rotation systems ( wheat-
wheat, vetch- wheat, fallow- wheat, chemical fallow- wheat and vetch-
fallow-wheat ) and tillage tools ( with plow, chisel, Anatolia plow and no-till
) on wheat and vetch effects of yield and yield parameters were determined that
was established in the trial between
1999-2001s, as a randomized blocks splt-plot based on three replicaions.
Effect
on yield on wheat ( grain ) and vitch (
fodder ) of tillage tools while found insignificant, the effect of crop
rotation systems on wheat yield is most important, was determined was
determined as insignificant on yield of vitch. İn wheat crops before winter
emergence rate of tillage methods, heading and maturation period, spike number
per m². the weight and number of grains per spike, while found was the most
important effect on volume weight of soil on wheat, wet gluten, on wheat and
vetch soil moisture and organic matter content, the effect was determined as significant.
Similarly in the rotation systems spike number per m², the weight and number of
grains per spike, crude protein yield, on wheat while found the most important on
effect soil moisture and organic matter content, volume weight of soil on wheat
and effect on organic matter content was found as significant in soil.
According to these results and to the
ecomonic analyses; no-till has the
highest and the most profitable yield, vitch- fallow- wheat and chemical
fallow- wheat are applications. İn the East Anatolia Region, livestock is
mainly depended on agriculture because of vitch- fallow- wheat rotation system
is recommended for zero tillage.
Determination of Appropriate Triticale Lines and
Varieties For East Anatolia Region
Ü.KÜÇÜKÖZDEMİR1, M.OLGUN1, T.YILDIRIM1,
F.PARTİGÖÇ1, K.KARADAŞ, D.GÜLSEVEN, B.TURGUT
İn five separate
experiment sites of our institute where these areas are Pasinlar, Ilıca, Erzincan, Muş and Van, in dry
conditions summer and winter varieties in two separate trials for two years
(1999-2000, 2000-2001) in the experiment was conducted by Atatürk University 6
hexaploid triticale genotypes have the highest yield and good adaptability as
winter varieties, 8 hexaploid triticale genotypes that grown as summer
varieties were tested in Ilıca, Pasinler, Erzincan, Van and Muş locations. Triticale varieties and lines used in the
research on average number of spike per m2, grain yield, total
yield, thuosand grain weight, hectoliter weight, grain protein content and
grain protein yield parameters are low when compared with wheat, but these
mesaures are very close to be obtained from wheat. Triticale average was found
higher than wheat in terms of lenght of spike and grain yield per spike. When
consedering number of spike per m2 11, 18 genotypes; when consedering grain
yield, grain protein yield and 11 genotpype; in terms of harvest index 18, 19,
24 genotypes; in terms of thousond grain weight 24 genotype were found as more
significant than wheat genotypes; but all triticale genotypes were determined
the lower than wheat genotypes. Besides, according to the results of stability
analyse no.11 line was determined the most stable genotype. İn the conclusion
of this research, winter sowings were determined they were hopeful nevertheless
summer tricale varieties are not suitable for our region. However, in this
study used none of genotypes have no qualify
to be come to kind of step that genotypes had been eliminated also by
providing materials both domestic and
abroad within the scope of Triticale
Breeding Project Researches were decided to proceed. At the end of this period that
better than wheat genotypes after coming to kind level, and could be recommended to sowe in dry
conditions where there is no sufficiently productive for wheat varieties.
Resistant to Cold Variety
Development Researches East Anatolia Region in Winter Bread Wheat (TÜBİTAK)
Ümran
KÜÇÜKÖZDEMİR, Dilşad GÜLSEVEN,Murat OLGUN, Köksal KARADAŞ,Ahmet KÜÇÜKÖZDEMİR,
Esra AKPINAR
Cold resistance is increasing
when prolonged the cold acclimation
period. At the end of the cold
acclimation period ( 0, 21, 35 and 49 days ) when considering degrees of temperatures that are exposed
plants maximum vitality ratio was determined after 49 days the cold acclimation period. On
the other hand between - 3°C and -13°C
temperatures degrees of different temperature linearly were determined to
affect vitality ratios of genotypes. Survival temperature limit of plants grown
in Hougland solution was determined as
13°C. Plants can not be survive after this degree. However, this
temperature is expected to be likely decrease in soil conditions. Fort this
reason in the new studies will be planned was decided to use soil conditions
because of the difficulty of working in Hougland solution.
Resistant to cold improvement
genotypes takes for a long period with classical breeding methods for our
region. Besides negative climation conditions occupy as a restricting factor in
terms of selection. For this reason with finished this project was tested all
genotypes that advanced levels yield and in region yield experiments, we have
experienced the stage to be able to test our material in the early breeding
stages. These advantages supply serious labour force, time and resource saving
for us. Because test results present to eliminate a choise use that disapproved level resistance of
material without moving to the high stage. Besides, the high cold resistane,
but other characteristics ( yield and yield components ) in terms of infertile
genotypes using in the observation nursery the other lines durability
characteristics to transfering studies supply significant contribution for our
breeding researches.
İn
addition to our regional studies within the scope of national and international
breeding studies that resistance disclosed in these lines, in the established
regional yield trial will be observed adaptation ability in the widespread
country, besides in common centers was conducted in the national breeding
experiments as parents using these lines resistance characteristics will be
studied to transfer to the other genotypes.
With these lines the hybridization results obtained new lines will be
sent to Research Organizations in other regions for cold damage seen in various
F stages. Due to the success of this project resulted this study can move to
widespread and within the framework the cold damage seen in regions breeding
materials of Research İntitutes to be
tested the development of a large-scale national project will supply the major
contribution for national wheat breeding researches. Breeding material of other
institutes will be tested with the new project to be prepared and also will
help selection to be made in terms of cold resistance.
Taking
into account natural conditions of Erzurum and existing cold resistance
infrastructure of our institute and experienced staff employed, to become Cold
Resistance Test Center of our institute will play a mojor role in national and
international breeding researches.
