Wheat Section

 

HISTORY

Aegean Agricultural Research Institute initiated wheat researches in 1963, it has been carried out with accelereted contemparary methods since 1969. When it was first established the wheat yield in Aegean Costal Region was under 2000 kg/ha. However, after the researches the yield was brought out to about 4000-5000 kg/ha. 18 bread wheat, 10 durum wheat and 2 triticale cultivars have been registered. These bread wheat cultivars are Cumhuriyet 75, Ata 81, İzmir 85, Marmara 86, Kaklıç 88, Kaşifbey 95, Basribey 95, Gönen 98, Ziyabey 98, META 2002, Alibey, Menemen, Efe, Kayra, Meltem, Ünsal 35, Zeybek 35 and Egem.  durum wheat cultivars are Gediz 75, Ege 88, Salihli 92, Şölen 2002, Tüten 2002, Turabi, Gap, Alatay, Yaren and Poyraz. Tricale cultuvars are Egeyıldızı and Toygar. In the last years 10000 kg/ha yield has been achived as a result of the developed cultivars and the methods improved by the ınstitute.

FINDINGS OBTAINED FROM RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

Not only yield and quality but also wide adaptation ability is considered at wheat researches in Aegean Agricultural Research Institute. The cultivars with high adaptation abilty are sown in a wide range area from Black Sea region and South East part of Turkey. This sowing area is three times as large as institute's mandate area. This is a result of very successful wheat researches and Aegean Agricultural Research Institute's successful wheat seed production programme.

Breeding Activities: During the studies appropriate lines/varieties from domestic and foreign from secrening nurseries are selected. At the same time, target lines are developed with a selection from variation sources which are created by crossing of appropriate parents.   Selections are made under artificial rust epidemi conditions. The lines that are first selected from the yield trials, which are carried out in one location for one year, are tested in multi-location for multi-years yield trials. Eventualy the superior ones are registered as cultivars.

The aim of the breeding studies to develope new bread and durum wheat spring or facultative cultivars with high yield and quality potential, wide adaptation ability, resistance/tolerance to major diseases of the region and late spring cold temperatures and lodging, semidwarf in height which may be sown from the second part of November until the mid of January, and also produce to elite and breeder seed of the registered cultivars.

Breeding activities are carried out within framework of two main projects as bread and durum wheat project. These projects are supported with quality, diseases, growing techniques and genetic resources researches.

Pathalogy Studies: All materials are evaluated in field conditions under artificial epidemi with respect to yellow, stem and leaf rust. The cultivars and lines which are resistant these diseases are taken into the breeding studies as resistant parents. Under natural epidemi conditions, the cultivars and lines are evaluated with respect to powdery mildew and other diseases. Apart from this, by artificial inoculation a group of material is examined with respect to loose smut and ergot. Beside these host-patogen relations and rust virulance studies in the region and other studies which aim to explain the resistance mechanism are done.

Plant Genetic Resources Activities: These studies are carried out as collection, multiplication/regeneration, evaluation and characterization. Two studies on possibility of using hulled wheat and landraces populations,  which have been obtained from Genebank, have been completed. In these studies some lines have been determined to be utilized particularly with respect to resistance to leaf rust and quality improvement.

EDUCATION EXTENSION WORKS

Farmer brochures of the Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, which introduce the registered wheat varieties and contain breeding suggestions, are updated and presented for the benefit of the farmers. In addition, demonstration studies of new varieties are carried out under the coordination of provincial directorates.

PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES

Producing and distributing around 75-150 tons of elite and original wheat seeds every year, AARI has a great share in providing the seed demands of the regional farmers.  In seed production, both national and international standards are complied with and all advanced techniques are applied to preserve variety purity. Original class productions are made from the elite seeds of registered wheat varieties from a single ear, and the seed needs of official and private institutions that produce seeds are provided for the use of our farmers. Some varieties of royalty contracts were signed with seed production companies operating in four regions, including TİGEM.


​Since the projects carried out in the section are in continuous project format, they continue with an interim report and a new proposal in 5-year periods.

​1
Bread Wheat Breeding Studies in Aegean RegionTAGEM
2Durum Wheat Breeding Studies in Aegean RegionTAGEM
3Cereal Genetic Resources Research ProjectTAGEM
4Determination of Use of Marker Assisted Selection in Bread Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) Breeding Program in terms of QualityTAGEM (PhD Project)
5International Winter Wheat Improment ProjectIWWIP
6High-Quality Wheat Varieties Development Project(Private Sector R&D Project)


BREAD WHEAT VARIETIES: Cumhuriyet 75, Ata 81, İzmir 85, Marmara 86, Kaklıç 88, Kaşifbey 95, Basribey 95, Gönen 98, Ziyabey 98,  META 2002, Alibey, Menemen, Efe, Kayra, Meltem, Ünsal 35, Zeybek 35 and Egem

DURUM WHEAT VARIETIES: Gediz75, Ege88, Salihli92, Şölen 2002, Tüten 2002, GAP, Turabi, Alatay, Yaren ve Poyraz.

TRITICALE VARIETY: Ege Yıldızı and Toygar

(The dark colored ones are the varieties in production).

-İ.Sevim, O. Erakul, 2020. Farklı Buğday Genotiplerinde Kalite Parametrelerinin İncelenmesi. ADÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Cilt:17 Sayı 2 S: 235-243 Aralık 2020 AYDIN.

-R. Ünsal, H. Geren, İ. Sevim, 2020. Registration of “Meltem" Bread Wheat Variety. Ekin Journal of Crop Breeding and Genetics Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1 s: 63-63.

-R. Ünsal, H. Geren, İ. Sevim, 2020. Makarnalık Buğday (Triticum durum Desf.) Çeşidi “POYRAZ" Tescili. Anadolu, J. Of AARI. 2020, 30(1) 128.

-H. Geren, R. Ünsal, İ. Sevim. 2020 Registration of “Poyraz" Durum Wheat Variety. Ekin Journal of Crop Breeding and Genetics Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1 s: 64-64

- Ajit Nehe, Beyhan Akin, Turgay Sanal, Asuman Kaplan Evlice, Rıza Ünsal, Nazım Dinçer, Lütfü Demir, Hatice Geren, Ismail Sevim, Şinasi Orhan, Sadiye Yaktubay, Ali Ezici, Carlos Guzman, Alexey Morgounov, 2019.Genotype x environment interaction and genetic gain for grain yield and grain quality traits in Turkish spring wheat released between 1964 and 2010. PloS one July 18 2019 . .https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219432

​-B. Akın, Q. Sohaıl, R. Ünsal, M. N. Dınçer, L. Demır, H. Geren & I. Sevım, (2017)Genetic Gains In Grain Yield In Spring Wheat In Turkey, Turkısh Journal of Agrıculture and Forestry, 2017, 1300-011X, -, 41, 103-112. 

- Mert, Z., Akan, K., Akci, N., Hekimhan, H., Ünsal, R., Urin, V., Demir, L., Şermet, C., Tülek, A., Ay, H., İlkhan, A., Bilgili, A., Karaman, M., Yorgancılar, A., Kara1, R., Cengiz, H., Ercan, B., 2016. Buğdayda kara pas etmeni P. graminis f.sp tritici'nin 2011-2015 Yılları arasında Irklarının Belirlenmesi. Uluslararası Katılımlı Türkiye VI Bitki Koruma Kongresi, 5-8 Eylül 2016, Konya. 

-Mert, Z., Akan, K., Karagöz, E., Keskin, N., Akci, N., Hekimhan, H., Ünsal, R., Urin, V., Demir, L., Şermet, C., Tülek, A., Ay, H., İlkhan, A., Bilgili, A., Karaman, M., Yorgancılar, A., Kara, R., Cengiz, H., Ercan, B., 2016. Türkiye'de Pas Hastalıklarının İzlenmesi ve Buğday Çeşitlerinin Pas Hastalıklarına Dayanıklılık Durumlarına Genel Bir Bakış. Uluslararası Katılımlı Türkiye VI Bitki Koruma Kongresi, 5- 8 Eylül 2016, Konya. 

- Z. Mert, K. Akan, L. Çetin, A. Yorgancılar, B. Ercan, R. Ünsal, A. Tülek, V. Urin, C.Şermet, Ü. Küçük Özdemir, H. Ay, A. İlkhan, M. Karaman 2014. Current situation of wheat stripe rust in Turkey: Yr 27 virulence and potential effects. 2. International Wheat Stripe Rust Symposium. (Sunulu Bildiri)  28Nisan 2 Mayıs 2014 İzmir- Türkiye.

-İ.Sevim, H. Geren, R. Ünsal, L. Demir, Ş. Orhan, Ş. Yaktubay, A.A. Ezici, A. Morgounov, B. Akın 2014.

-Genetic gains for grain yield and yellow rust  responses in a historical set of spring wheat varieties developed durıng 1964-2007. . 2. International Wheat Stripe Rust Symposium. (Poster Bildiri)  28Nisan 2 Mayıs 2014 İzmir- Türkiye

-Soya H. H. Geren, H. Geren, R. Ünsal, Y.T. Kavut, İ. Sevim ve R. Avcıoğlu 2013, Menemen Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Bazı Tritikale Çeşitlerinin Hasıl ve Tane Verimi ile Silaj Özellikleri Üzerine Araştırmalar. Türkiye 10. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 10-13 Eylül 2013, Konya, Clt:3 233-238

-J. A. Kolmer, Z. Mert, K. Akan, L. Demir, R. Ünsal, C. Şermet, M. Keser, B. Akın, A. Morgounov, 2012, Virulence of Puccinia triticina in Turkey and leaf rust resistance  in Turkish wheat cultivars.European Journal of PlantPathology, October 2012 Springer Netherlands.

-Geren H. H. Geren, H. Soya, R. Ünsal, Y.T. Kavut, İ. Sevim, R. Avcıoğlu 2012, Menemen Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Bazı Tritikale Çeşitlerinin Tane Verimi ve Bazı Verim Özellikleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar.  Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 49(2): 195-200

-Kavut Y.T. H. Soya, H. Geren, H. Geren, R. Ünsal, İ. Sevim, R. Avcıoğlu 2012 Menemen Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Bazı Tritikale Çeşitlerinin Silajlık Hasıl Verimi ve Silaj Kalite Özellikleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar.  Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Anadolu Dergisi 22(1): 35-44

- İlker, E. Geren, H. Ünsal, R. Sevim, İ. Tonk, F.A. ve Tosun, M. 2011, Ammi-Biplot Analysis of Yield Performances of Bread Wheat Cultivars Grown at Different Locations, Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 16(1), p:64-68, İzmir.

-Sevim, İ. Ünsal, R. ve Geren, H. 2011, Farklı Makarnalık Buğday Çeşitlerinin Menemen Koşullarında Verim Performanslarının Değerlendirilmesi, 9. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 12-15 Eylül, Bursa.

- Ünsal R. Geren H. 2010. Ege Bölgesinde Buğday Tarımı, Muğla'da Tarım ve Gıda Dergisi, 2010, Muğla

-Geren H. Ünsal R. Sevim İ. Demir L. Özseven İ. Dinçer N. Yaktubay Ş. Morgounov A. Akın B. 2010. Improvement of Yield and Yield Components of Spring Bread Wheat Varieties Registred in Turkey, 8th International Wheat Conference, 1-4 June, St. Petersburg, Russia (Poster bildiri)

- Z. Mert, L. Çetin, Akan K.Ozseven, İ. Demir, L. Tülek, A. Oztürk, İ. Ay, H. Kılıç, H. Bayramoğlu, H.O. Yorgancılar, A. Ünsal, R. Ercan, B. Güven, D. İlkhan A. , 2010. Occurrence Of Wheat Rusts İn Turkey DuringThe 2009 GrowingSeason. BGRI (Borlaug Global Rust Initiative) 2010 Technical Workshop,30-31 May 2010 Abstract book page: 16

- Ünsal R., H. Geren ve İ. Sevim, 2009. Ege Bölgesi Şartlarında Bazı Makarnalık Buğday Çeşitlerinin Verim Performansları ve Stabiliteleri, Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü, Anadolu Dergisi 19(1) , s:13-21, İzmir.

-Özer E., Taner S. Ünsal, R. & Kucukozdemır, U. (2009). Triticale's Decade in Turkey. International Triticale Symposium. Cd. Obregon, Sonora, Mexico March, 23-26,2009 (Poster Bildiri)

- Akan Kadir, Zafer Mert, Lütfi Çetin, Fazıl Düşünceli, Nazım Dinçer, Hasan Kılıç, Ali İlkhan, Rıza Ünsal, İzzet Özseven 2009. Ug 99 Kara Pas Irkına Karşı Küresel Yaklaşımlar ve Bazı Yazlık Dilim Materyalinin Reaksiyonlarının Belirlenmesi. Türkiye VIII. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 19-22 Ekim 2009 Hatay ( Sunulu Bildiri)

-Mert Zafer, Kadir Akan, Lütfi Çetin, Fazıl Düşünceli, Aysel Yorgancılar, Rıza Ünsal, Birol Ercan, İzzet Özseven, Lütfi Demir, Nazım Dinçer, Hasan Kılıç, Hasan Bayramoğlu, Adnan Tülek, Dilşad Gülen, Ali İlkhan 2009. Buğday ve Arpanın Ülkemizde Görülen Bazı Önemli Hastalıklarına Karşı 2008 Yılı Entegre Dayanıklılık Islahı Çalışmaları. Türkiye VIII. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 19-22 Ekim 2009 Hatay ( Sunulu Bildiri)Baskıda

- Geren, H., Ünsal, R., Sevim, İ., Tosun, M., İlker, E. ve Tonk, F., 2009, Farklı Çevrelerde Yetiştirilen Buğday genotiplerinin Verim Performanslarının Eklemeli Ana Etkiler ve Çarpımsal İnteraksiyon (AMMI) Analizi, 8. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 19-22 Ekim, Antakya.

- Düşünceli, F., K. Akan, Z. Mert, L. Çetin, S. Yazar, T. Akar, N. Bolat, R. Ünsal, B. Ercan, İ. Özseven, L. Demir, N. Dinçer, H. Kılıç, H.Bayramoglu, İ.Öztürk, A. Tülek , U.Küçüközdemir, Ali İlkhan H. Hekimhan, A. F. Yıldırım, 2009. An Overview of The Network for Important Cereal Diseases Management Research in Turkey Between 2003 and 2007. 12th International Cereal Rusts and Powdery Mildews Conf. October 13 -16, 2009 Antalya-Turkey (Poster Presentation) p.97

- Ünsal, R., Geren, H. ve Sevim, İ., 2009, Evaluation of Bread and Durum Wheat Lines and Genotypes for Diseases under Menemen Conditions, 4th Regional Yellow Rust Conference, 10-12 October, Antalya.

-Ünsal, R.,2004, Ege Geçit Kuşağında Buğday Tarımı ve Önerilen Buğday Çeşitlerinin Özellikleri, TAYEK 2004Yılı Tarla Bitkileri Grubu Bilgi Alışveriş Toplantısı Bildirileri, ETAE Yayın No: 117 Menemen, s: 31-53

-Geren, H.,Ünsal, R., Aydın, A., 2002, Tritikale (Triticosecale spp. Wittmack), TAYEK 2002 Yılı Tarla Bitkileri Grubu Bilgi Alışveriş Toplantısı Bildirileri, ETAE Yayın No: 109 Menemen, s: 80-90